How can we help you?

Is BRAWOLINER® resistant to chemicals?

All our resins are resistant to domestic sewage in accordance with DIN EN 1986. The evidence for this was provided as part of the approval test for the DIBt.

The resin systems also have good resistance to other chemicals.

The chemical resistance is primarily dependent on the resin used. Under the following link you will find lists of the chemical resistances of BRAWO® resins:

LINK: www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

Please get in touch with us for further applications.

Which material characteristic group according to worksheet DWA M144-3 applies to Brawoliner® and which static characteristic values does the Brawoliner have?

For BRAWO® I, BRAWO® III and BRAWO® AC, you will find the information on the material characteristic group according to data sheet DWA M 144-3 in the Structural Characteristics data sheet. The table for the respective material characteristic group can be used to determine the required minimum wall thickness. The wall thicknesses that can be achieved with the BRAWOLINER® can be found in the Structural Characteristics data sheet.

www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

For BRAWO® LR and BRAWO® UVPox, you will find the information on the required wall thickness depending on the nominal diameter and the groundwater level above the pipe bottom in the respective Structural Characteristics data sheet.

LINK https://www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

Is there any abrasion with BRAWOLINER® laminates?

These days, hose liners are expected to have a life expectancy of more than 50 years. The solids contained in the sewage naturally cause abrasion during the course of its service life. This abrasion is determined as part of the building authority approval test.

How many years is the warranty on the built-in product and what is the life expectancy of the Brawoliner?

BRAWO® SYSTEMS cannot give any guarantee on the cured product, as the installer is ultimately responsible for the correct execution of the work. 

The individual components that we supply to you are of course covered by a warranty in accordance with our General Terms and Conditions, which are based on the applicable statutory regulations. 

The BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation process has been approved by the German Institute for Construction Engineering in Berlin, DIBt approval numbers Z-42.3-362, Z-42.3-566 and Z-42.3-499.

The basis for these approvals is the completion of an extensive test programme. The tests for the approvals of the BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation system were carried out by accredited test institutes.

These test programmes are based on requirements that correspond to a minimum service life of 50 years.

To assess stability, for example, a long-term E-modulus 50 years is calculated based on a 10,000-hour test. An abrasion test (Darmstadt tilting trough) also simulates the abrasion incurred by the BRAWOLINER® over a period of 50 years. The chemical resistance is verified using a time-lapse method by means of an immersion test in various chemicals (acid, lye, peroxide cleaning agents).

All test results indicate a life expectancy of at least 50 years.

What is the lifetime of a point repair?

The BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation process has been approved by the German Institute for Construction Engineering in Berlin, DIBt approval numbers Z-42.3-362, Z-42.3-566 and Z-42.3-499.

The basis for these approvals is the completion of an extensive test programme. The tests for the approvals of the BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation system were carried out by accredited test institutes.

These test programmes are based on requirements that correspond to a minimum service life of 50 years.

To assess stability, for example, a long-term E-modulus 50 years is calculated based on a 10,000-hour test. An abrasion test (Darmstadt tilting trough) also simulates the abrasion incurred by the BRAWOLINER® over a period of 50 years. The chemical resistance is verified using a time-lapse method by means of an immersion test in various chemicals (acid, lye, peroxide cleaning agents).

All test results indicate a life expectancy of at least 50 years.

The inversion process is described as an installation method in the aforementioned DIBt approvals.

Other installation methods are also possible, e.g. installation with a suitable rehabilitation packer (BRAWO® ShortLiner). The material properties remain largely unaffected by this.

What is the K-factor (surface roughness) of the BRAWOLINER®?

No reliable information can be provided on this. Depending on the installation situation
(with/without calibration hose, type of calibration hose used, surface quality of the old pipe), the surface roughness can vary greatly.

As a rule, it can be assumed that the surface roughness is improved, compared to that of the old pipe, by installing a liner.

What is the function of the inner film or coating?

The PU coating acts as an installation aid during the installation of the liner. On the one hand, the coating protects the user from direct contact with the resin used during the impregnation of the liner; on the other hand, the coating acts as a membrane, enabling installation with air/water.

Once the liner has cured, the film has already fulfilled its purpose, but remains in the lined pipe for the sake of simplicity.

If, contrary to expectations, the inner film comes loose, it can be removed using a suitable tool.

The functionality of the rehabilitated pipe is guaranteed despite the removal of the inner liner, as this does not act as an integral part of the liner.

When tested by recognised testing institutes, the coating is not considered an integral part of the liner. It is assumed that the coating will be worn away by abrasion over the course of its service life.

For example, the coating is destroyed beforehand during a leak test in accordance with DWA-A 143-3 (cut into in a grid shape), as the liner (matrix of resin and textile carrier) alone must be leak-proof.

Also when determining the short-term E-modulus, the coating thickness is not included in the calculation of the wall thickness, as this does not contribute to the stiffness of the liner.

In this respect, it can be assumed that the functionality of the rehabilitated pipe is guaranteed despite the removal of the internal coating.

What temperature can the BRAWOLINER® withstand?

A distinction must be made here according to the installation situation and operating status.

Installation: Our temperature recommendations for curing acceleration (not relevant for BRAWO® LR and BRAWO® UVPox) during installation can be found in our process instructions.

Max. curing temperature for BRAWOLINER® /3D / XT: 55°C (hot water)

Max. curing temperature for BRAWOLINER® HT /3D / XT: 75°C (hot water/steam)

Operating status:

Heat deflection temperature (HDT) according to DIN 75-2:

BRAWO® I / BRAWO® III: approx. 80°C

BRAWO® HT (heat-cured): > 93°C

BRAWO® LR: approx. 58 °C

BRAWO® UVPox51: approx. 65 °C

As part of the DIBt approvals for the rehabilitation of pipes inside buildings, cyclical loading due to changing temperatures is tested.

Continuous loading with media at higher temperatures was not tested.

No information can be provided on the suitability for pipes that permanently drain off media at elevated temperatures during operation.

Up to what bar pressure can high-pressure cleaning be used in the rehabilitated pipe?

We are not aware of any generally applicable rules for cleaning rehabilitated pipes. We recommend as much as necessary, as little as possible. The maximum flushing pressure should not exceed 80 bar.

Do BRAWO resins burn and which building material class do BRAWOLINERs fulfill?

The DIBt requires building material class B2 for waste water pipes inside buildings.

The cured liner, i.e. the combination of carrier material and the BRAWO® I, BRAWO® III, BRAWO® SRR, BRAWO® HT, BRAWO® LR or BRAWO® UVPox resin system, fulfils the requirements of building material class B2 - i.e. the cured liner is "normally flammable" in accordance with DIN 4102-1:1998-05.

Are BRAWO® resins SVHC free?

Information according to Art. 33 REACH - Duty to communicate information on substances in articles

Dear Sir/Madam,

The Chemicals Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 REACH has been in force since 1 June 2007 and has been implemented by our company since that date.

The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has published the list of substances of very high concern (SVHC), which fulfil the criteria of Art. 57 of the REACH Regulation (https://echa.europa.eu/en/candidate-list-table).

We hereby confirm in accordance with Art. 33 (2) of the REACH Regulation that, according to the current list, the following products do not contain any substances of concern above the labelling threshold of 0.1 %:

• BRAWO® I

• BRAWO® III

• BRAWO® UVPox

• BRAWO® SRR

• BRAWO® RR

• BRAWO® HT

• BRAWO® AC

• BRAWO® Silicate Fast

• BRAWO® LR

• BRAWOLINER® (all variations)

• BRAWOLINER® 3D (all variations)

• BRAWOLINER® XT (all variations)

• BRAWOLINER® HT (all variations)

The basis of the information is provided by safety data sheets for our products.

ECHA's ongoing activities with regard to the evaluation of registered substances do not rule out the possibility that substances that were not previously SVHC substances will be listed in the future. We check the updates regularly and update our safety data sheets as required.

What internal pressure does a BRAWOLINER® tolerate?

See "Use in pressure pipes" under "Rehabilitation issues": Use in pressure pipes.

What is the maximum rehabilitation length? 

We generally supply the BRAWOLINER® in lengths of 100 metres. Special lengths are available on request.

The maximum rehabilitation length depends on many factors, such as the number and curvature of the bends, the dimensions of the pipe being rehabilitated, the installation method, the ambient temperature, the position of the pipe, etc.

How many bends can be rehabilitated?

This cannot be answered in general terms. Like the maximum rehabilitation length, the number of bends that can be rehabilitated in succession depends on many factors. For example, the curvature of the bends, the dimension of the pipe, the ratio of the liner dimension to the pipe dimension, the ambient temperature, the installation method, etc.

Is the BRAWOLINER system resistant to certain pH values?

It is not possible to give a blanket confirmation that our system is resistant to certain pH values.

In a solution with a specific pH value, it is not clear what type and proportion of acid or alkali is contained in the wastewater. However, the severity of the chemical attack on the laminate depends on the type of acid or alkali and its concentration in the wastewater. Another factor is the wastewater temperature, which accelerates the chemical attack.

In summary, it can be said that information on the composition and temperature of the wastewater is always necessary in order to assess the chemical resistance of the laminate to the wastewater.

How do I ensure maximum heat resistance of the laminate?

The cross-linking of the polymers in the laminate and thus the heat resistance of BRAWO 2K epoxy resins can be increased to a certain extent by a tempering step after the actual curing. This can generally be achieved by a tempering step at 80-90°C for one hour.

Example for BRAWO I and BRAWO III:

It has been demonstrated that tempering at 90°C for approx. 60 minutes can achieve a heat resistance temperature of approx. 81°C.

Is there a CE mark for BRAWOLINER?

CE marking is mandatory if a harmonised European standard (hEN) applies to the product in question. As of 2025, this does not exist for hose liners.

A declaration of conformity with a CE directive is generally not possible for hose liners, so the obligation to declare performance or CE marking does not apply to BRAWOLINER.

Can the BRAWOLINER® be used in pressure pipes?

We had a BRAWOLINER® DN 100 with BRAWO® I tested for internal pressure resistance as an example. In the test, the BRAWOLINER® DN 100 without an old pipe withstood an internal pressure of 9 bar for over 300 hours without failing.

The data is based on a test, no further testing was carried out for use in pressure pipes.

We recommend checking the suitability of each individual case and agreeing on the application with the client.

Can the BRAWOLINER® system be used to rehabilitate pipes in the filling station sector?

The BRAWOLINER® system has no approval for use in filling stations. In addition to our DIBt approval, we have had our products tested by the LGA in Nuremberg for resistance to exposure to oil/fuel. 

The tests were carried out in accordance with the applicable standard.

This is not tantamount to an approval for the filling station sector. However, the tests at the LGA together with our DIBt approval for underground waste water pipes (Z-42.3-362) cover the essential aspects. The two test reports, which show that our BRAWO® I and BRAWO® III resins fulfil the requirements regarding chemical resistance, can be found in the download area on our website www.brawosystems.com

Can the BRAWOLINER® system be used to rehabilitate pipes in the swimming pool sector?

This application is not covered by our approval and we therefore advise against it.

Is the BRAWOLINER® system approved for use in water protection zones? 

There is no approval for use in water protection zones. Our systems are officially approved by the German Institute for Construction Engineering (DIBt) and have therefore passed the environmental impact assessment. 

We recommend coordinating any use in water protection zones with the local authorities.

Is the film/coating an integral part of the BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation system? 

In response to your inquiry regarding a detached inner film on an installed BRAWOLINER®, we can tell you the following:

The PU coating acts as an installation aid during the installation of the liner. On the one hand, the coating protects the user from direct contact with the resin used during the impregnation of the liner; on the other hand, the coating acts as a membrane, enabling installation with air/water.

Once the liner has cured, the film or coating has already fulfilled its purpose, but remains in the lined pipe for the sake of simplicity.

If, contrary to expectations, the inner film or coating comes loose, it can be removed using a suitable tool.

The functionality of the rehabilitated pipe is guaranteed despite the removal of the inner liner, as this does not act as an integral part of the liner.

When tested by recognised testing institutes, the coating is not considered an integral part of the liner. It is assumed that the coating will be worn away by abrasion over the course of its service life.

For example, the coating is destroyed beforehand during a leak test in accordance with DWA-A 143-3 (cut into in a grid shape), as the liner (matrix of resin and textile carrier) alone must be leak-proof.

Also when determining the short-term E-modulus, the coating thickness is not included in the calculation of the wall thickness, as this does not contribute to the stiffness of the liner.

In this respect, it can be assumed that the functionality of the rehabilitated pipe is guaranteed despite the removal of the internal coating.

How does hose liner rehabilitation differ from coating processes such as spraying/brushing?

During the spraying, centrifuging and brushing processes, a layer of resin is applied to the inside of the old pipe as a coating. The inside of the old pipe must be cleaned so that it is completely free of dirt and grease that have a separating effect. The cleaning effort is correspondingly high. Furthermore, the coating does not prevent the progressive deterioration of the old pipe material. According to the recommendation for action "Rehabilitation of building drainage" from the VSB – Association of Certified Sewer Rehabilitation Consultants, the service life of coating processes (spray, centrifugal or brush application) has not yet been defined in the technical regulations due to the market launch approx. 5-10 years ago. Long-term findings are not yet available.

The hose liner is considered a rehabilitation method and has an economic service life of 50 years according to generally recognised technical standards. When installing a hose liner, a new plastic pipe is created in the old pipe. The old pipe is thus completely replaced by the hose liner. The pipes also have to be cleaned when using the hose liner method, although minor residues of dirt and grease do not affect the installation and service life. The first hose liners were installed around 50 years ago and long-term experience is available.

Can pipes in biogas plants be rehabilitated with BRAWOLINER®?

We have no experience of rehabilitating pipes in biogas plants.

Chemically speaking, in addition to the specified concentration of sulphuric acid and hydrogen sulphide, highly concentrated sulphuric acid may also be present here and there. Our BRAWOLINER® system is not resistant to concentrated sulphuric acid. Together with the bacteria present in the biogas plant and the temperature level, microbial corrosion can also occur in addition to chemical corrosion.

Our system has not yet been tested for this special case.

We advise against rehabilitating the described pipe with our BRAWOLINER® system.

What is special about the BRAWO® ShortLiner and is the system an approved system? 

The BRAWO® ShortLiner system is a method for the high-quality repair of partial damage in sewers and pipes in the diameters DN70 – 200.

BRAWO® ShortLiner consists of the BRAWOLINER® 3D, the BRAWO® SRR epoxy resin and the Bendy Packer including accessories. It is characterised in particular by a very high degree of flexibility. Repairs can be carried out in a closed construction method, even in difficult sewer and pipe runs as well as dimensional changes and bends. 

The repair process does not yet have DIBt approval as such, but the proven carrier material, the BRAWOLINER® 3D, is already described and included in several approvals from the German Institute for Constructional Engineering. The scope of application extends to the rehabilitation of waste water pipes, which can be installed both underground and inside buildings. The recommended 2-component epoxy resin system BRAWO® SRR is also based on approved 2-component epoxy resin systems, which have been tried and tested for years in the rehabilitation of waste water pipes. Only the type of installation differs from the existing approvals.

What is special about the BRAWO® connection collars and is the system an approved system? 

The rehabilitation of defective pipe unions is a major challenge. BRAWO® SYSTEMS offers the perfect solution for main pipes from DN 100 to DN 150 and inlets from DN 70 to DN 150.

With the Bendy Packer and flexible collars, even complicated inlets in downpipes can be rehabilitated quickly, cost-effectively and reliably. BRAWO® connection collars can also be used to easily reconnect inlets to pipes that have already been rehabilitated.

The BRAWO® connection collars are included as a supplementary procedure in the approvals Z-42.3-362 (rehabilitation of underground waste water pipes) and Z-42.3-499 (rehabilitation of waste water pipes inside buildings). BRAWO® SRR is a further development of the approved 2-component EP resin systems, which has been optimised in terms of processing and curing time. The optimised version has not yet been added to the existing approvals.

BRAWO® Connection Collars

BRAWO® SRR

Can the BRAWOLINER® be installed in PE-HD pipes? 

The rehabilitation case of an underground PE-HD pipe mentioned by you can be carried out with our BRAWOLINER® system. 

The rehabilitation of PE-HD pipes with our epoxy resins and UV light-curing resins is approved by the building authorities for underground pipes. Domestic PE-HD pipes are also an object of approval.

Compared to other pipe plastics, PE-HD has a high coefficient of linear expansion. During the rehabilitation of old pipes installed inside buildings, care must be taken to ensure that ambient temperatures are neither too high nor too low in order to minimise thermal stress. We recommend cold curing at moderate and constant ambient temperatures in order to minimise the linear expansion of the old pipe in this application as well.

Can oval profiles be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

The BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation system is a process in which an extremely flexible carrier material is used in combination with various resin systems.

The high flexibility and elasticity of the carrier material means that the rehabilitation process can also be used for the rehabilitation of special profiles.

The BRAWOLINER® 3D is therefore also suitable for rehabilitating oval profiles:

In combination with BRAWO® III, the BRAWOLINER® 3D DN 200-300 can be used in the 200/300 oval profile and the BRAWOLINER® 3D DN 300-400 in the 250/375 oval profile.

This results in laminate thicknesses of 4.8 mm in 200/300 oval profile and 5.6 mm in the 250/375 oval profile.

The possible installation depths are determined in accordance with data sheet DWA-M-144-3 (Table C.2, Material characteristic group 2).

The rehabilitation of oval profiles with the BRAWOLINER® is possible and has already been carried out in measures (see report LINK).

Can copper pipes be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

The material of the old pipe is not of primary importance when assessing its ability to be rehabilitated. Firstly, the old pipe fulfils the function of a casing for the BRAWOLINER®, which forms a new pipe in the old pipe. Our DIBt approvals list all common pipe materials that are usually used for waste water pipes. Other pipes and applications must be checked on a case-by-case basis to determine whether they can be rehabilitated. For the copper pipe, tests with BRAWO® I have shown that copper pipes can be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER® system with moderate temperature changes. 

Can (Geberit Silent) PP pipes be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

The material of the old pipe is not of primary importance when assessing its ability to be rehabilitated. Firstly, the old pipe fulfils the function of a casing for the BRAWOLINER®, which forms a new pipe in the old pipe. Our DIBt approvals list all common pipe materials that are usually used for waste water pipes. 

If the pipe is installed with sleeves as a way of compensating for expansion, we recommend curing the hose liner at a temperature in the range of the average operating temperature of the waste water pipe. To prevent the old pipe and liner from sticking together, we recommend using a preliner. We recommend the use of BRAWO® III in order to minimise the resulting temperature increase during curing.

Can asbestos cement pipes be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

The repair of asbestos cement pipes with hose liners in underground areas and with diameters ≥ DN200 is approved by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA) as a low-emission process under the number BT 61.

The Pipe Rehabilitation Association (RSV) has published a recommendation for action for old pipes with smaller diameters and waste water pipes installed inside buildings. This can be accessed via the following link: https://rsv-ev.de/asbest-rohre-sanieren

BRAWO® SYSTEMS has also drawn up a recommendation for action. This can be found under the following link: https://www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads

Can drinking water pipes be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

We advise against using the BRAWOLINER® system in drinking water applications.

Can ventilation ducts be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

Please send your enquiry to info@brawosystems.com. 

Can gas pipes be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER®?

We advise against rehabilitating gas pipes with the BRAWOLINER®, as the evidence for the rehabilitation of pressure pipes is not available.

Why have creases formed in the cured liner? Is the quality of the liner impaired by the creases?

Depending on the condition of the old pipe, the installation method chosen and specific boundary conditions, wrinkles of varying severity may form in the laminate. The following factors influence the severity of the wrinkles:

• Radius and degree of the bends
• Undersizing of the liner in relation to the pipe's internal diameter
• Installation with or without a calibration hose
• Type of calibration hose used
• Inversion pressure and speed
• Curing pressure
• Pipe misalignment

Folds or surface irregularities that are within the limit values do not constitute a defect. They do not impair the operational suitability, stability or tightness of the rehabilitated system. In the case of folds or surface irregularities that exceed the permissible limit values, an individual case assessment must be carried out.

The limit values are defined differently in the three sets of regulations for in-situ curing hose lining DIN EN ISO 11296-4, DWA-A 143-3 and DWA-M 144-3. RSV information sheet 1.1 "Renovation of sewers and sewer pipes with in-situ curing hose lining", chapter 8.2 "Visual inspection", shows the limit values including explanations.

https://rsv-ev.de/merkblaetter-detailansicht/merkblatt-schlauchlining

When using BRAWOLINER, wrinkling is not usually to be expected in straight pipe runs. Exceptions prove the rule: if the circumference of the liner is greater than the circumference of the old pipe (inside), wrinkling may occur.

The selected rehabilitation method can also influence the result:

• If a hose liner with a "closed end" is installed, the material can move "freely" and adapt optimally to the geometry of the old pipe. Creasing, if any, is very minimal.
• If the liner is installed with an "open end" using a calibration hose, the flexible carrier material can no longer move as "freely", which may result in slightly more wrinkling.

This is more or less pronounced depending on the type of calibration hose used.

How can creasing be reduced or avoided? What can be done about it?

The best results are achieved when the hose liner used is undersized in comparison to the old pipe. Our BRAWOLINER® 3D products demonstrate advantages in use, even if there are no dimensional jumps in the old pipe.

Tips & tricks for installation with as few folds as possible:

• The use of BRAWOLINER DN 125 or BRAWOLINER 3D DN 100-150 in old pipes with a dimension of DN 150 means a low risk of wrinkling.
• Installation with a "closed end" = low risk of creasing (note: additional effort may be required to open the liner in areas that are not accessible).
• For installation with a calibration hose: Use a flexible calibration hose of the largest possible size (e.g. Airbagliner®).
• Slow inversion with sufficient pressure to allow the liner to adapt to the pipe geometry.

Can rehabilitation be carried out at ambient temperatures below 5 °C?

In principle, renovation with the BRAWOLINER system is not recommended at air and ground temperatures below 5 °C.

When carrying out hose liner rehabilitation at ambient temperatures below 5 °C, the material, air and ground temperatures must be taken into closer consideration during processing. 

Material temperature:

For the BRAWO I/III/SRR/RR 2K epoxy resin systems, we recommend tempering the components to approx. +13 - 15 °C before processing. 

For the light-curing resin systems BRAWO UVPox and BRAWO LR, we recommend tempering to approx. 20 °C before processing. For optimum tempering of the resins, storage in a climate-controlled cabinet is recommended.

We specify an air and substrate temperature of +5 - 30 °C as the processing conditions for the BRAWOLINER system. This means that the material is tempered in accordance with the recommendation before renovation and can be optimally processed in this temperature range during impregnation and further processing steps.

Air and substrate temperature:

In addition to the material temperatures, the temperatures in the sewage pipe and the substrate surrounding the sewage pipe also play a role in the renovation. At air temperatures below 5 °C, temperatures above 5 °C may be present in the sewage pipe to be renovated, so that renovation can be carried out.

For 2K epoxy resin systems, hot curing with water or steam is recommended at low ambient temperatures to ensure complete curing.

Can sewage pipes in commercial kitchens be rehabilitated using the BRAWOLINER® system?

This application is outside the scope of the approval. We cannot make any general statements about the influence of large quantities of hot waste water with temperatures > 60 °C, as can occur in commercial kitchens.

The suitability of the system should be assessed for each individual requirement. 

Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions. 

Can culvert pipes be renovated?

Culverts can be rehabilitated using the BRAWOLINER system. Of course, the conditions on site, especially the requirements for pipe statics, must be taken into account.

Can sewage pipes in the food industry, such as sewage pipes in breweries, dairies or cheese factories, be rehabilitated using the BRAWOLINER system?

All our resins are resistant to domestic sewage in accordance with DIN EN 1986 and as part of the approval test for the DIBt.

In addition, the resin systems exhibit good resistance to other chemicals.

Chemical resistance depends primarily on the resin used. The following link provides lists of the chemical resistances of BRAWO resins:

https://www.brawosystems.com/downloads/datenblaetter/technische-datenblaetter-harz/

Please contact us for further information.

Can light liquid separators be rehabilitated with the BRAWOLINER system?

See petrol station refurbishment Petrol station refurbishments.

How do I take liner samples correctly? What should be considered when taking test samples?

For quality assurance on construction sites, an accredited testing institute is often required to check the material properties of a sample from house connection pipes. This measure serves to ensure that the materials used meet the technical requirements.

Detailed information on the proper collection of samples can be found in our document "Information on sample collection for the purpose of checking material properties", which is available in the download area.

What types of damage can be repaired using the BRAWO RLC method?

See FAQ entry Repairable damage patterns. 

What is the maximum length of house connection that can be rehabilitated?

The decisive factor is the length of the BRAWO Magnavity hose. The sum of the distance from the manhole to the junction with the main sewer and the rehabilitation length of the house connection pipe should not exceed 50 m.

Example: 

Shaft 3 m

Junction with the main sewer 20 m

Renovation length of house connection pipe 10 m

Total 33 m --> OK

Manhole 3 m

Junction with main sewer 40 m

Renovation length of house connection pipe 20 m

Total 63 m --> not possible

Up to what line gradient can the BRAWO Remote LC method be used?

The BRAWOLINER is always installed against the gradient using the BRAWO Remote LC method. Normal gradients can be overcome without any problems. It is important that the liner is constantly pressurised during the inversion and curing process and is pressed against the old pipe wall.

Is one shaft sufficient, or are two shafts required as access points for the BRAWO Remote LC method?

Ideally, two shafts should be available as access points. If the distance between the start shaft and the inlet of the house connection pipe is short, one shaft can also be used as an access point.

Which liner is recommended for which application?

The areas of application of our liners can be found in our process instructions from Section 3.3.0 onwards, which are available in the download area under the following link:

LINK https://www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads

Why is there no CE mark on the BRAWOLINER®?

As there is currently no harmonised European standard (hES) that covers the BRAWOLINER®, a declaration of performance and CE marking are not permitted or necessary.

What options are there for connecting inlets in a watertight manner?

Inlets inside and outside buildings can be securely connected with the DIBt-approved BRAWOLINER® connection collar system 2.0.

Can a non-3D BRAWOLINER® also be used for light curing?

As part of the DIBt approval for BRAWOLINER® light curing, we have commissioned an accredited testing institute to carry out a comparative test of our BRAWOLINER®, BRAWOLINER® 3D and BRAWOLINER® XT products.

The conclusion clearly shows that the different types of BRAWOLINER® are basically comparable in their structure and that there is nothing to prevent the use of BRAWOLINER® and BRAWOLINER® XT in combination with light curing.

The mechanical properties of synthetic fibre laminates are largely determined by the resin matrix. If the same resin is used for all three systems, no significant differences are to be expected with regard to the mechanical properties, in particular the long-term properties (creep behaviour), provided that the fibre content is the same.

Is there a sample tender text? 

The sample tender texts can be found online at www.brawosystems.com in our download area.

In what lengths can I buy the BRAWOLINER®? In what lengths can the BRAWOLINER® be manufactured?

We offer the BRAWOLINER® as standard in 25 m, 50 m and 100 m lengths. Special lengths are available on request.

Can I also use the BRAWOLINER® HT for underground applications?

Yes, BRAWOLINER® HT in combination with BRAWO® I or BRAWO® III is also an object of approval Z-42.3-362.

Can I also use the BRAWOLINER® for special profiles?

Due to its flexibility and elasticity, the BRAWOLINER® can also be used in other profiles such as round cross-sections. The liner selection (type and diameter) should be based on the size of the special profile. 

According to DIBt approval, pipes with circular profiles may be rehabilitated in Germany.

In addition, DWA data sheet DWA-M 144-3 also provides information on the structural load-bearing capacity of oval-shaped profiles. BRAWO® I and BRAWO® III are assigned to material characteristic group 2. Table C.2 shows the maximum possible groundwater cover for the wall thickness achieved with the BRAWOLINER®.

More detailed information can be found in the "Liner" section under "Rehabilitation of oval profiles".

Which BRAWOLINER® can I use for a pipe without a standard diameter?

The BRAWOLINERs® in the 3D product family all cover a diameter range. The old pipe diameter should be between the recommended minimum and maximum diameter of the BRAWOLINER® 3D. You will find more detailed information in the product specification and in the Structural Characteristics data sheet.

What types of damage can be repaired with the BRAWOLINER system?

Sewage pipes that are capable of bearing their own weight (without support from the surrounding soil), i.e. that do not have any cracks (except for hairline cracks with a width of less than 0.15 mm or, in the case of reinforced concrete pipes, less than 0.3 mm), may only be repaired with hose liners if the nominal stiffness SN 500 N/m² is maintained. If the old pipe has one or more continuous longitudinal cracks, soil investigations, e.g. by means of dynamic probing, are necessary and corresponding mathematical verification must be provided. In the event of infiltration, the hose liner must also be dimensioned with regard to its deformation and buckling behaviour. If the old pipe-soil system alone is no longer stable, such sewage pipes may only be rehabilitated with hose liners if the static loads to be absorbed by the hose liner are verified by a stability verification in accordance with worksheet DWA-A 143-211.

The nominal stiffnesses dependent on the resin system can be found in the respective building authority approvals and in the data sheets "Static characteristics" in the download area of our website at https://www.brawosystems.com/de/downloads/datenblaetter#c4886.

What stretch must be assumed when installing with BRAWOLINER?

The textile components of BRAWOLINER are manufactured in accordance with strict quality specifications. As with any production process, there are necessary tolerances. Fluctuations within these tolerances can lead to variations in the end product.

However, the length behaviour of the liner essentially depends on the existing installation situation, such as the number of bends, gradient/slope, inversion pressure, inversion speed, surface condition of the old pipe, diameter, installation with closed/open end, calibration hose type, respective installation equipment, etc.

It is therefore not possible to provide a formula, as this would reflect a false accuracy that does not exist.

How much resin does the BRAWOLINER® need per metre?

We recommend using our resin calculator to work out the resin quantity. You can find this on our website at 

www.brawosystems.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Resin_Calculator_20240418.xlsx

In the download area of our website you will also find PDF tables with information on resin consumption.

Resin consumption of light-curing resins

Resin consumption of two-component resins

How should BRAWO resins be disposed of? 

For two-component resins:

1. Fully emptied containers can be sent for recycling.

2. Leftover components must be mixed in the specified mixing proportions and left to cure. The resins cured in this way can then be disposed of as residual waste (waste code AVV200301, mixed municipal waste).

3. Residues of individual components should be avoided. If residues of individual components are nevertheless accrued, these must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Please contact your local waste disposal company about this.

You can make the disposal company's work easier by providing them with the safety data sheets for the resins. These can also be found in the download area of our website.

www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

For light-curing resin:

1. Fully emptied containers can be sent for recycling. 

2. Resin residues can be hardened in layers of a few mm using a UV lamp (protect eyes and skin from UV radiation!)

3. The resins cured in this way can then be disposed of as residual waste (waste code AVV200301, mixed municipal waste).

4. Uncured resin must be sent to a suitable disposal site as hazardous waste.

5. Please contact your local waste disposal company about this.

You can make the disposal company's work easier by providing them with the safety data sheets for the resins. These can also be found in the download area of our website.

https://www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

Is bisphenol A released from the BRAWOLINER® laminate?

Please contact BRAWO® SYSTEMS by sending an e-mail to info(at)brawosystems.com or by calling +49 631 20561-100.

How long is the shelf life of BRAWO® resins?

If the following conditions are observed, the shelf life of the resins is as follows:

• When stored in tightly sealed original containers at temperatures from +5°C to +30°C and dry conditions.
• It must be stored frost free.
• Caution with light resins: do not expose the resin to sunlight, as this will cause the resin to cure immediately! 
•  

Can the BRAWO® LR resin be used to achieve a non-positive connection to the old pipe?

We are unfortunately unable to achieve a non-positive connection with our BRAWO® LR resin. 

Experience has shown that, depending on the pipe material and installation method, a positive connection can be generated to a large extent, but not a non-positive connection. 

This is achieved, for example, with a KG2000 pipe that has a well-cleaned substrate and has been mechanically roughened e.g. using grinding panels. 

We therefore recommend that the beginning and end of the installed liner be integrated without penetration of water from behind (e.g. by means of liner end collars, fibreglass moulding or grouting/ support rehabilitation). 

Is the BRAWOLINER® (alone) structurally load-bearing? 

The structural performance of the BRAWOLINER® rehabilitation process depends on the resin system and BRAWOLINER® used. For the 2-component epoxy resin systems BRAWO® I, III, AC, please refer to the "Structural characteristics" data sheets with the reference to the material characteristic group according to DWA data sheet M 144-3.

The structural performance of the light-curing resin systems BRAWO® UVPox and BRAWO® LR can be taken directly from the respective "Structural characteristics" data sheet in columns AZ I and AZ II.

www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

Is BRAWO® UVPox an epoxy resin system?

As with 2-component epoxy resins, the light-curing BRAWO® UVPox also contains epoxy components that exhibit the oxirane ring typical of 2-component systems. If you would like to find out more, please contact our technical department at: info@brawosystems.com

Can you send us the IR spectrum for the resin?

An infrared (IR) spectrum is available from the German Institute for Construction Engineering (DIBt) for all DIBt-approved resin systems. Sending the spectra is unusual for us, as the spectra are normally only informative with the aid of a reference. If you need further information, please write to info@brawosystems.com.

Does BRAWO® UVPox stick together? What about the shrinkage of BRAWO® UVPox?

Internal tests were carried out for our BRAWO® UVPox.

A key qualification step for the BRAWO® UVPox was to test its infiltration resistance. The infiltration through the liner wall or along an annular gap between the liner and the old pipe was checked.

With BRAWO® UVPox, a positive fit can be achieved in the old pipe, enabling us to prove that installation without penetration of water from behind is possible.

Does a pipe rehabilitated with BRAWO® UVPox or BRAWO® LR have to be reconnected at inlets? 

In Germany, the watertight restoration of side inlets is described as part of the DIBt approval for underground pipes. One possible method is the "BRAWOLINER® connection collar" in accordance with DIBt decision Z-42.3-362. The side inlet can also be restored using open construction methods or other repair or rehabilitation methods.

What are the processing and curing times of the resins?

The processing and curing times of our BRAWO® resins can be found on our website www.brawosystems.com under Technical data sheets - Resin in the download area.

www.brawosystems.com/en/downloads/data-sheets

Can resins cause allergies?

Reaction resins can generally cause allergic reactions. Special protective measures must be taken when processing reaction resin systems. Information on this can be found in the relevant safety data sheet (H and P statements). 

DGUV Information 201-062 from BG Bau provides important information, particularly on handling epoxy resins. 

Can 2K epoxy resins be used to bond to old pipes?

The two-component epoxy resins BRAWO I and BRAWO III bond to the respective substrate to varying degrees, depending on the old pipe material and the degree of cleanliness.

They generally bond very well to concrete and stoneware pipes, but only moderately well to PVC pipes. They do not bond to existing PE (HD-PE) pipes.

However, it should be noted that the epoxy resins are virtually shrink-free, i.e. the liner fits snugly into the old pipe. When installing without a pre-liner, additional resin is pressed into any cracks and socket gaps, causing the liner to "claw" into the pipe.

Incidentally, in the CP308 test for the English water company WRc (formerly "Thames Water"), we demonstrated that, when installed correctly, no water can enter the collector between the liner and the old pipe.